Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe - 963 Words

In the book Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe there are a lot of characteristics that are considered male and female. In the story, which is about a man named Okonkwo. Okonkwo is a Nigerian man , who is a yam farmer, and for no reason wants to be labeled as anything other than manly. See in the Igbo society everything is gendered to male or female even the crops. The yam is consider the king of the crops, so it is no wonder why Okonkwo is a yam farmer. In this book it tells a story about a man who falls to his own destruction, all because he was trying to avoid being looked upon as a man with feelings. In the Igbo culture woman are treated as second class and servants in most cases. Her service is to her man first. The women are only good for the men to use as needed. They are viewed as a males possession. The woman are not allowed to do much of anything. They are responsible for cleaning, cooking, and some farming, when allowed to do so. They are to care for their hu sbands and their homes first and for most. If a man were to fall short in this area towards a woman, he could be dishonored as a man. You can see here in the text where it says, â€Å"No matter how prosperous a man was, if he was unable to rule his women and his children (and especially his women) he was not really a man† (Achebe 45) this how women are thought of as second class citizen. To me this makes for the distinct characteristics of a masculine male and a soft, submissiveShow MoreRelatedThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1415 Words   |  6 Pagesbook Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe does just that. This book should be taught in schools because it shows the values and traditions of Achebe’s Igbo culture, persistently teaches life lessons throughout the book, and shows the darker reality of European colonialism in Africa. Chinua Achebe is known as one of the most influential and famous authors to ever write. Chinua Achebe originates from an Igbo background and he expresses that through his writings very well including Things Fall ApartRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe1324 Words   |  6 Pages Chinua Achebe chose to write his novels in English to reveal a deep response of his people to colonisation and to make that response understood to people all over the world. Things Fall Apart was written in English to teach people worldwide of the struggles he faced and the people of Nigeria faced growing up. Many authors and critics have written about Achebe’s ‘Things fall apart’ adding their valued opinion on what he was trying to say and his decision to write in English. In the followingRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pages who took their land for monetary gain. This was a dark period of time for Africans that live there. The U.S. Civil War and The Great Depression both can be related, in this instance, to how down their people were because of what happened. Chinua Achebe said it best, â€Å"I would be quite satisfied if my novels...did no more than teach my readers of their past...was not a long night of savagery from which the first European acting on God’s behalf delivered them†(qtd. in â€Å"Morning Yet† 45). In theRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1452 Words   |  6 Pagesassume control over the Roman Empire. However, imperialism in Africa remained a recorded element from 1750 to 1945. This paper visits how control and changes were influences over the Africans during this time period as seen through Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart. (UKEssays, 2015) Europe was experiencing a few financial and political changes that forced the major European forces to investigate abroad regions to add to their resources during the seventeenth century. In order for the EuropeanRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe2361 Words   |  10 PagesThings Fall Apart Book Critique Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a historical fiction novel describing the life of Okonkwo in a Nigerian village succumbing to European ways, in order to portray Achebe’s view on imperialism. It was chosen for us to read by our teacher because it describes imperialism and its effects in an Ibo village of Nigeria. It also shows the treatment of natives by the Europeans and how the natives reacted. Things Fall Apart is useful to our course of studies because itRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1265 Words   |  6 PagesThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is markedly relevant to our current course of studies in World History, as it tells a story based on European Imperialism in Africa. Coming off the heels of our Imperialism unit, this post-colonial novel provides very helpful context on different civilizations’ perspectives throughout the Age of Imperialism; aside from analyzing death tolls, descriptions of conflicts, and names of countries, it was previousl y hard to envision what life was actually like during thatRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe 735 Words   |  3 PagesThings fall apart. Achebe. Ernest Gaines once said, â€Å"I write to try to find out who I am. One of my main themes is manliness. I think Im trying to figure out what manliness really is.† Indeed, every society or culture has its own understanding of an ideal man. Even though these characteristics are different in various parts of the world, the significance of masculinity can never be overestimated. â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe is considered as one of the best examples of a riseRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe692 Words   |  3 Pagesthe way to go. Through commercial trading Islam spread into Igboland, and this led to more Igbo people leaving the Igbo way of life for another, whether it be Islam or Christianity which divide the country in two. In the novel Things Fall Apart written by Chinua Achebe British colonialism and the migration of Muslims to Nigeria led to the change in the faith, social and economic changes in the Igbo society. Traditional Igbo faith believes that there is only one creator or god known as ChinekeRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe897 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel, â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe the Igbo tradition revolves around structured gender role. Everything essential of Igbo life is based on their gender, which throughout the novel it shows the role of women and the position they hold, from their role in the family household, also planting women crops, to bearing children. Although the women were claimed to be weaker and seemed to be treated as objects, in the Igbo culture the women still provided qualities that make them worthyRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1851 Words   |  8 Pageschoice and styles are critical not only to the reader’s understanding of the text but to his appreciation as well. How language is effectively manipulated in their writings enhances the reader’s valuing of the works. The selected novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a representation of Igbo culture and their language. It explores the life of an Igbo tribe at the time of when colonization hit Africa. It could be considered as a post-colonial text, as the protagonist of the story and the other

Iago Manipulates Othello, Cassio and Roderigo Essay

Othello, Roderigo and Cassio Effectively Manipulated by Iago Keep your friends close and your enemies closer is a quote that very well describes how two-face Iago really is. In William Shakespeares play, Othello, Iagos hatred toward the Moor, Othello, leads him to devise a plan against him. As a result, Othello goes from truly loving his wife to hating her with a passion. Othellos hatred and anger proves fatal for Desdemona, Emilia, Roderigo, and Othello, himself. Iago effectively manipulates Othello, Roderigo, and Cassio by; presenting himself as an honest individual to Othello, lying to Roderigo about getting him married to Desdemona and helping Cassio with his problem to obtain the lieutenant position from him. Iagos†¦show more content†¦Othello is affected by his emotions which prove that Iago did what he had to do for his own selfish reasons, and manipulated Othello without suspicion drawn towards him. Roderigo also plays as a pawn in Iagos plan when he is lied to by Iago about getting married to Desdemona. For example when Iago says to Roderigo, Plague him with flies(I,i,71). Iago uses this metaphor to manipulate Roderigo into going to Desdemonas father and telling him that his daughter is married to the Moor, Othello. Iago wants Brabantio, Desdemonas father, to dislike the Moor because Othello did not make Iago his lieutenant. Roderigo is told by Iago that if he tells Brabantio that Othello and Desdemona are married than Brabantio might get them divorced or break them up. This way Roderigo will have a chance with Desdemona and express his love to her. Another metaphor that helps Iago with his plan is Thus do I ever make my fool my purse(I, iii, 375). Iago had been convincing Roderigo that money can buy him anything, even Desdemonas love. Roderigo believes him, blinded by his love for Desdemona, and sells his land to get money for gifts. Iago had been using Roderigo for his mone y and none of the gifts and jewels Roderigo gave Iago to give to Desdemona actually reached her. Roderigo who is crazy about Desdemona gets so carried away with himself that he is too late to realize that he had been tricked and used for his money. Roderigo is deceived by Iago whom he trusted so dearlyShow MoreRelatedHow does Iago manipulate Othello, Cassio, and Roderigo?1533 Words   |  7 Pagessuffering. In fact, every person has weaknesses, and there is always a possibility that someone will use those feeble points against that man. Shakespeares play Othello shows an example of how one can control others exploiting their weaknesses and the consequences of such actions. The character of Iago, the antagonist in the tragedy Othello, instigates chaos, deception, and gross manipulation. He is the center of all the evil events in the play. He manages to completely deceive everyone by displayingRead MoreOthello Persuasive Essay 1427 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare, the playwright of Othello portrays a story about a highly honoured character Othello who is the general of the state of Venice. Iago portrays himself as very loyal and true friend to Othello while his other side is much more ruthless and cruel towards the general. Othello gives Michael Cassio a position as his personal lieutenant, but Iago is highly jealous of this situation because he is the one that is closer to Othello and should acquire the position. Soon Iago plots a malevolence and wickedRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1505 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare’s play Othello Iago has the ability to charm and convince people of his loyalty and honesty. Iago immediately introduced his malicious desire for revenge, but he had no proven reason for his actions. Throughout the play Iago devises a devious plan to convince the other characters of his cunning contrivance. Iago treats others as the fool with no intentions of caring about their feelings. Behind his deceitful trus tworthy appearance, Iago is a multilayered manipulative villain. He manipulates the peopleRead MoreMalignant Iago of Shakespeares Othello Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pages      Pure evil is like a cancerous plague that harms all those who come upon it.   In the tragic play â€Å"Othello† by William Shakespeare, Iago is a character that represents pure evil – a malignant cancer to all those around him.   His evil is exposed through his choice of words, his ability to manipulate people, and his opportunistic ways.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First, Iago’s evil is shown through his choice of words that demonstrate his vulgarity and his sinister intentions.   Iago’s language is extremely baseRead MoreOthello - Iago Character Analysis Essay772 Words   |  4 PagesIago, in Shakespeares Othello, is a deceiving character because he tells lies in order to get what he wants. He interacts with people only to manipulate them, but most importantly he never reveals his true feelings or motives. Iago might say things that suggest what his motive is, but he soon contradicts himself with another suggestion making it extremely difficult to understand him. Although Iagos true motives cannot be determined, some motives could be jealousy, the enjoyment of seeing peopleRead MoreAnalytical Essay Othello1047 Words   |  5 PagesAll these themes are present in Othello. Most dominant, however, are manipulation and jealousy. Jealousy runs the characters’ lives in Othello from the beginning of the play, when Roderigo is jealous of Othello because he wishes to be with Desdemona, and to the end of the play, when Othello is furious with jealousy because he believes Cassio and Desdemona have been engaging in an affair, but manipulation the prominent action that fuels the jealousy within Othello. Some characters’ jealousy is fashionedRead MoreTheme Of Jealousy In Othello1509 Words   |  7 Pagesjealous are mostly bad, the play mainly shows how jealousy affects Iago, Othello, and Roderigo. Iago at some point gets each character to believe everything he has to say and talks them into doing anything he wishes them to do all for the sole purpose of revenge and jealousy Iago shows jealousy throughout the entire play and is so jealous of everyone, he causes chaos between so many people. Iago believes he can out smart and manipulate anyone because they think he is so, â€Å"honest,† that he would neverRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Othello629 Words   |  3 Pagesplay, Othello survival is taken to the extreme by the character, Iago. Iago’s selfishness is what ultimately drives him to manipulate the people around him. Initially Iago manipulates a character by the name of Roderigo. Roderigo is a Venetian gentleman that is in love with the wife of Othello, Desdemona and will do whatever it takes to win her over from Othello. Roderigo who is oblivious to the idea and fact that Iago is manipulating him to achieve his goal of getting revenge against Othello. Iago’sRead MoreIago By William Shakespeare s Othello Essay914 Words   |  4 Pages Behind every lie, there is a motive for doing so. In Shakespeare s Othello, Iago is no exception to this rule. He is living a dual life of lies. On one face Iago is a trustworthy friend who is attempting to set up Roderigo with the love of his life. His other face is the one whose main goal is to be the Lieutenant of the Venetian Army. In order to reach that status he must ruin the relationship of Cassio and Othello. Iago uses each other character against others and against themselves using hisRead MoreIago: The Living Janus1325 Words   |  6 Pagesofte n by the pursuit of immediate gratification in criminal acts or sexual perversion then Iago fits the description perfectly. Iago of all people wields the power of manipulation like no other man in Othello; he has a complete lack of empathy, is aggressive and he is a master deceiver. To begin with, Iago in the play has a complete lack of empathy towards his peers and general surrounding; although Iago seems to care about his friends, most sociopaths are liked because of their charm and high

Consumer Adoption versus Rejection Decisions †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Adoption versus Rejection Decisions. Answer: Introduction: The pulling out of the Internet banking of the company will increase the work of the branch personnel and limit the approach of people to the bank (Greasley, 2013). It will erode the profit margins and leave with insufficient capital. Some risky lending practices would look for higher margins. The digital payments will be affected by lack of speed in work (Liu et al., 2015). As per the analysis, the operations will slow down, with the possibility of increased criminal activities and breach of online security (Greasley, 2013). The financial integration would be affected where the complete work will be on the branch personnel. There will be no multichannel delivery where the customer base could have used the self-service touchpoints for transactions (Laukkanen, 2016). The deregulations, problems in opening the global and regional markets and the development of ICT technology will also be a problem, with failure to send money to the other party, at times. The effective way for handling the strategic operations include centralized and specialized processing, financial services, product processing engines where the technology tends to link CRM for customer contact. The technologies are invested in image processing, browser technology, and e-mail (Greasley, 2013). The initiative will help the bank and its employees to communicate with the people easily. The bank can improve the customer take up through technology like image processing, CRM for customer contact and managing the functions of product processing, in an effective way (Goyal et al., 2016). Operations Strategy in Action The case study focusses on the restricting platform with diversifications in a different case. The focus is on outsourcing the product and spread overheads over a larger base with the larger section of the supply chain. The organization needs to focus on providing better goods and services which will improve the supply chain management (Greasley, 2013). The reduced costs, like the labor, tariffs, and the taxes need to be handled with learning to improve operations and understand the markets. One needs to employ with the top-of-the-line contributors from all over (Kim et al., 2014). The operations are based on handling the designs, manufacturing, delivery, and services with better product quality and improving the job for every individual.Quality: The quality is determined through focusing on the operations of the firm with competing operationally and manufacturing or operations. The designing and building operations are mainly to allow the upmarket where the margins are wider for mirror quality. Speed: It includes the ability to match with the improvement in the mirror quality which can satisfy the demands of the people (Greasley, 2013). Dependability: The dependability of the mirrors is on Jaguar assembly line in Midlands which tend to match the car that comes down to the assembly line. Flexibility: The operational focus on the manufacturing, designing and handling the improvement with operational excellence with lean manufacturing (Adamider Karfaki, 2017) Costs: The cost-effectiveness is to the entry lick to the international business with company virtually allowing to design and build better. The performance objectives are interconnected in a way where all the operations are managed through easy designing, manufacturing, and handling the distribution with better delivery and service management. The product quality is determined through effective progress of international business which helps in determining the cost output. The company should improve the supply chain management strategy with creating a product through its on-time delivery by using market-based strategy (Greasley, 2013). The market-based strategy will help in improving the relationship status with the other customers with identifying their requirements and working on improving the industry structure. The operations need to look at improving the costs and work on making the delivery of goods in an effective manner (Jagoda Kiridena, 2015). The improvement is through reducing the cost of material with the bulk purchase and automating the parts in the production line. Line Balancing in a Manufacturing Plant The study is about the division's railway rolling stock which includes the processing of the fabrications, and welding, framing machine, painting and quality auditing. The process of casting is included in the case where it is important to focus on fabrications, welding, and handling the fitting, quality audit in an effective manner (Greasley, 2013). The line balancing needs to ensure the performance with focusing on effective cycle time having Just-in-Time Production control (Chica et al., 2016). The Just-in-Time production control and the simulation model with management efforts to achieve the target cycle time are major strategies (Greasley, 2013). The implementation is programmed with planned investment where the new machining center has cycle time which is below the target (Koren et al., 2017). The focus can be on ensuring that the performance of the production meets a proper output with Just-in-Time production. The production line balancing and the dynamic balance, and the assembly line balance is the best production strategy which is intended to produce a particular product in a particular time frame. Along with it, these strategies are also important to labor feasibility to individual skills and capabilities (Greasley, 2013). The equipment balancing strategy is also to ensure that the work cell has the same amount of work with handling the equipment failures as well. The line balancing strategy will help in assessing the effort with changeover made to the different items or the changes in the output rate (Bautista et al., 2016). The case focus on how RFID has been effectively able to conquer the American Apparel with the expansion of the market. It has been able to improve the inventory control by using RFID tags that can wirelessly transfer the data to a reader for several meters. It also includes the stock visibility with accurate counts of inventory output. RFID and how it helped in American Apparel The RFID technology can capture the data with process control that produce the flexibility and interactivity. It is combined with the Enterprise Resource Planning for resolving the different transactions problems (Greasley, 2013). It contributes to reducing the labor costs and the man-made errors as well. It has helped the company with an increased availability of stock, with handling the overall reduction in the inventory and increasing the employee satisfaction (Rizzi et al., 2016). They have the end-to-end solution like tags, hardware, professional services for the people. The company has been helped with improved accuracy of the inventory counts, with allowing the stock room to replenish the sales for proper maintenance (Greasley, 2013). The store has been implemented with increased sales where RFID has been able to couple with reading technology that enables the faster reading and lower cost of deployment (Chan, 2016). The RFID needs to be perfected with physical limitations, accurate reading rates, increase in expenses and handling the data of the billions of products (Greasley, 2013). RFID can disrupt the tag transmissions as well, where they also can lead to the delays in inventory error and stocking delays which are higher, with lost sales and disappointed customers (Bertolini et al., 2015). The Pitstop process allows the technology to win or lose depending on the transmission. It includes how the trained and the highly skilled individuals are able to move with synergy. The failure is clearly visible where the process of the waste of any form is minimized with continuous improvement in its core products, knowledge and the people with increased success. Improvements in Management The management could work on the processes where the operations are based on passing oneself before getting into position (Greasley, 2013). Here the process is where the waste is minimized with continuous improvement at its core, and the knowledge of movement is also incremented. The technology will help in improving the setup which works on implementing the ways where the key data is from the car of the team computer in the pit lane (Greschner, 2017). The streaming is done to keep the management, with working parts of the F1 car. The new Pitstop could be new fixes with flattening the form fields with applying the speed and accuracy in the confined space (Greasley, 2013). The F1 team can focus on improving the performance of organizing the instruments and creating a better floorplan with places that are marked for each team member (Ling et al., 2015). The streamlined trolley is set with improvement in the accessibility and the equipment. The case is about the credit crunching in the economies and how the companies are able to work on the increased prices to the customers. The firms tend to experience the problems which relate to the raw materials and how the demands have been less with the employees working more for less pay. The industrial output has been seen to increase with employers who lay off workers. Challenges to workforce scheduling There is a major inaccuracy to the forecasting where the managers tend to create forecasts depending on the calculations for precise testing (Greasley, 2013). The lack of real-time exception planning leads to the change of workforce where the worker needs to leave suddenly with consuming more resources than expected (De Bruecker et al., 2015). The problems with the adherence and the physical premises are issues with workforce management. This will include the enhancement of the scheduled production where the managers are not able to spend the longest time in trying to match with employee qualifications with different needs of the business (Greasley, 2013). The improved mobile capabilities with the simplified employee control will help in self-service portal management which will give the employees an increased control over their schedules and work routines (Deming, 2017). The employees can then respond by assigning the shift to the staff members. The organization can use the operational planning with team meetings, regulation communication of each subset of the work team to focus and understand the problems that they are facing (Greasley, 2013). The provision of training with the development of systems will help in enabling the progress of strategies and tasks to work with the management (Phillips Miltner, 2015). It will contribute directly to the achievement of the operational plan with an investigation on regular basis and implementing the corrective action where the tasks are not achieved on time. References Adamides, E.D. and Karfaki, E., 2017. How initiatives renew operations strategy and its linkage to competitive strategy: a micro-level perspective.International Journal of Services and Operations Management,26(2), pp.141-161. Bautista, J., Batalla-Garca, C. and Alfaro-Pozo, R., 2016. Models for assembly line balancing by temporal, spatial and ergonomic risk attributes.European Journal of Operational Research,251(3), pp.814-829. Bertolini, M., Bottani, E., Romagnoli, G. and Vignali, G., 2015. The impact of RFID technologies on inventory accuracy in the apparel retailing: Evidence from the field.International Journal of RF Technologies,6(4), pp.225-246. Chan, H.L., 2016. Using radiofrequency identification (RFID) technologies to improve decision-making in apparel supply chains. InInformation Systems for the Fashion and Apparel Industry(pp. 41-62). Chica, M., Bautista, J., Cordn, . and Damas, S., 2016. A multiobjective model and evolutionary algorithms for robust time and space assembly line balancing under uncertain demand.Omega,58, pp.55-68. De Bruecker, P., Van den Bergh, J., Belin, J. and Demeulemeester, E., 2015. Workforce planning incorporating skills: State of the art.European Journal of Operational Research,243(1), pp.1-16. Deming, D.J., 2017. The growing importance of social skills in the labor market.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,132(4), pp.1593-1640. Goyal, S., Chawla, D. and Bhatia, A., 2016. Innovation: Key To Improve Business Growth Of Banking Industry.International Journal of Advances in Engineering Technology,9(3), p.331. Greasley, A., 2013.Operations management. Sage. Chichester, West Sussex Third edition: Wiley. pg 15, 32, 88-91,139-140, 188-189, 235 Greschner, D., 2017. The Vocal Pitstop: Keeping Your Voice on Track.Journal of Singing,73(3), p.345. Jagoda, K. and Kiridena, S., 2015. Operations strategy processes and performance: Insights from the contract apparel manufacturing industry.Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management,26(2), pp.261-279. Kim, Y.H., Sting, F.J. and Loch, C.H., 2014. Top-down, bottom-up, or both? Toward an integrative perspective on operations strategy formation.Journal of Operations Management,32(7-8), pp.462-474. Koren, Y., Wang, W. and Gu, X., 2017. Value creation through design for scalability of reconfigurable manufacturing systems.International Journal of Production Research,55(5), pp.1227-1242. Laukkanen, T., 2016. Consumer adoption versus rejection decisions in seemingly similar service innovations: The case of the Internet and mobile banking.Journal of Business Research,69(7), pp.2432-2439. Ling, L., Bin, L. and Gui, C.J., 2015. Development of Automotive Collision Avoidance System Based on Intelli-gent Control.Open Automation and Control Systems Journal,7, pp.778-783. Liu, J., Kauffman, R.J. and Ma, D., 2015. Competition, cooperation, and regulation: Understanding the evolution of the mobile payments technology ecosystem.Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,14(5), pp.372-391. Phillips, J.A. and Miltner, R., 2015. Work hazards for an aging nursing workforce.Journal of nursing management,23(6), pp.803-812. Rizzi, A., Romagnoli, G. and Thiesse, F., 2016. A new framework for RFID use cases in fashion and apparel retailing.International Journal of RF Technologies,7(2-3), pp.105-129.

English 303 /Logan Essays - American Film Directors, James Foley

English 303 /Logan Essay 4: Compare and Contrast Glengarry Glen Ross + 1; Poems Draft due:Tuesday, December 5. Bring 5 copies to class. Final Due:Thursday, December 7, 11pm, Extended: Friday, December 8, 11pm, via Canvas Length: 2000 words Value:300 points Choose one of the following topics for your essay 4. As always, your essay should argue a specific, debatable interpretation on the topic and not be merely a survey of that topic. Cite evidence from the works to support your claims, and use MLA format. (Glengarry Glen Ross, 1992, dir. James Foley, is available at the ARC Library, and is available for rental via Amazon streaming and YouTube.) Glengarry Glen Ross and The Great Gatsby present what seem to be very different versions of the American Dreambut are they truly so different? Define each work's vision of the Dream (success, failure, self-creation, freedom, and individuality), comparing and contrasting their treatments of this theme. Compare and contrast the gender roles and expectations dramatized in Glengarry Glen Ross and The Great Gatsby or Brokeback Mountain. Both Glengarry Glen Ross and "The Open Boat" depict a small group of men struggling for survival. Compare and contrast the challenges each group confronts, how they deal with them, and the camaraderie and conflict that ensue. (You may also write on this same topic about Glengarry Glen Ross and "The Things They Carried.") Though separated by more than a century, Glengarry Glen Ross and "Bartleby, the Scrivener" depict their respective eras' "common man" working lives. Compare and contrast their conditions, social codes, and values, as well as the price people pay to work in these worlds. Compare and contrast two Poems of the Week (Canvas Modules, analyzing their speakers, themes, and figurative language (metaphor, simile, symbols, et al.). You may also choose to create your own topic, provided it includes Glengarry Glen Ross and one other work from our syllabus. Email me ([emailprotected]) with your topic proposal for approval by Friday, December 1, 11pm, before proceeding.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) The WritePass Journal

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) John | July 18, 2017 Autism Spectrum Disorder Causes, Reasons and TreatmentCauses of ASDCauses of ASD GenticsTo modify or extend this essay or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us TodayCauses of ASD Environmental FactorsReasons for ASDASD Treatment MedicationsASD Treatment Behaviours and CommunicationConclusionTo modify or extend this essay or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us TodayBibliographyTo modify or extend this essay or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us TodayRelated Autism Spectrum Disorder Causes, Reasons and Treatment Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is defined as a developmental disability that affects people’s personalities based on how they interact with the world (Magalhaes and Almeida, 2010). However, Sparks and Dager (2012, p. 187) defines ASD as â€Å"a serious neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs ones ability to communicate and interact with others.† Various ASD definitions are known to be universal since they recognise it as a spectral condition (Baird et al., 2016). In his study, Umekage (2011, p. 25), indicates that ASD is a hidden disability coupled with foetal brain damage as well as impairment of neural vitro development. Characterised by interests, activities and repetitive behaviours, ASD is so complex that it varies from one case to another (Akanksha et al., 2011). Despite various studies on the reasons, causes and treatment of ASD, there are relatively unknown rationale for its causes. Chandler and Baird (2015, p. 923) posits that people with ASD need different kinds of support since their ways of development and learning differ from every individual. The aim of this paper is to discuss the causes, reasons and treatment of ASD. Causes of ASD Although there are undetermined causes of ASD, scientists as well as medical practitioners believe that an amalgamation of genetic and environmental factors are the two major causes of ASD (Fitzgerald and Geschwind, 2013). To start with, the cause of ASD via genetic factors is not a simple process, but a complex of progression that involve multiple genes. Causes of ASD Gentics Autism Spectrum Disorder As indicated by Schechtman (2014, p.86) study, the rate of ASD development in identical twins as well as monozygotic is higher than rates in dizygotic and same-sex fraternal twins. This indicates that fraternal twins only share some genes, while identical twins have equal genes and therefore genes contributes much to autism. More so, Brothers as well as sisters of children with autism have high level of autism (Fitzgerald and Geschwind, 2013). From another perspective, Smith and John (2011, p. 803) in their research attributed that siblings share certain problems such as language as well as learning difficulties if one of the sibling has autism. However, it is not clear if autism is inherited as well as more general predisposition difficulties. To modify or extend this essay or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us Today Causes of ASD Environmental Factors Secondly, ASD can be caused by environmental factors. Environmental toxins such as mercury and thimerosoal vaccines cause autism stems (Mercer et al., 2016). More so, congenital rubella infection is one of the environmental factors that cause ASD. However, Goin-Kochel and Myers (2015, p. 172) disputes that there is anyclarity environmental factors causing ASD and therefore more studies needs to be done. Rich and Isager (2012, p. 410) adds â€Å"some of the evidence proposed for environmental factors is based on case reports, which are often difficult to interpret.† Reasons for ASD ASD as mentioned earlier, ASD can be caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors, however, we have reasons ASD occurs. First, Autism exists when a single gene known as fragile X syndrome (FXS) exists in the blood (Hessl and Schneider, 2013). FXS is defined as a syndrome that is coupled with autism as well as intellectual disability (Visootsak and Picker, 2015). As per Wehner and Hagerman (2011, p. 415), â€Å"Whereas ASD is a behavioural diagnosis, FXS is a medical, or more accurately, a genetic diagnosis and therefore when associated with FXS, ASD is caused by the genetic change or mutation in the Fragile X gene.† This alters normal blood circulation, hence ASD. Secondly, individuals are affected by ASD when tuberous sclerosis, chromosome 15q and other genetic conditions subsist (Hessl and Schneider, 2013). ASD Treatment Medications Core symptoms associated with ASD have no medication and cure, but we have medications that help to manage high energy levels of ASD, seizures, inability to focus as well as depression symptoms (Burrell and Borrego, 2012). The first treatment method utilised during ASD is the early intervention service. This method improves individual’s development, especially children with ASD (Buitelaar and Wong, 2014). These services, such as vitamin therapy, auditory training, facilitated communication and physical therapy improve children talk, interaction and walk. Early intervention services attribute the theory of mind as an explanatory ASD theory that reflects on the symptom criteria (A) of the DSM-5. As per Gallese and Goldman (2012, p. 496), the theory of mind was created by Uta Frith, Alan Leslie and Simon Baron-Cohen in 1985 to explain communication persistence as well as social interaction for people with ASD. ASD Treatment Behaviours and Communication The second method used for ASD treatment is the behaviours and communication approaches. This method involves direct, organised and structural ways for people with ASD to participate in a given paediatric events and medication. As per Burrell and Borrego (2012, p. 424), applied behaviour analysis (ABA) is utilised as a treatment of ASD via behaviour and communication approach to encourage positive and discourage negative behaviours hence improving various skills needed during ASD treatment. This is in relation to the theory of executive dysfunction which states, â€Å"Executive functions (EF) are a set of cognitive skills that are put into practice through autonomous activities.† Most of these EF skills are utilised by ASD patients to boost their flexibility, organisation, objectives and goals, anticipation as well as to be able to control their impulses (Buitelaar and Wong, 2014). Thirdly, ASD can be treated through dietary approaches. Change in diet, such as using certain foods, mineral supplements and vitamin helps to treat certain ASD effects. However, Talalay and Zimmerman (2014) posit that although dietary approach is considered as one of the ASD treatment, there is no scientific support and recommendation. Finally, ASD can be treated using complementary and alternative treatments. Treatments associated with complementary and alternative approaches include chelation, biological such as secretin, special diets and body-based systems (Burrell and Borrego, 2012). Conclusion In conclusion, the aim of this paper was to discuss the causes, reasons and treatment of the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Being a hidden disability coupled with foetal brain damage as well as impairment of neural vitro development, ASD has varied and complex behaviours hence there is unknown treatment for core symptoms. Generally, ASD is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors such as genes inheritance and environmental toxins respectively. Some of the treatments for ASD as discussed included the used of the early intervention services, the behaviours and communication approaches, dietary approaches and complementary and alternative treatments. Characterised by interests, activities and repetitive behaviours, ASD is so complex that it varies from one case to another and therefore its treatments depends on an individual case. To modify or extend this essay or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us Today Bibliography Akanksha, M., Sahil, K., Premjeet, S. and Bhawna, K. (2011) â€Å"Autism spectrum disorders (ASD).† International Journal of research in ayurveda pharmacy, 2(5), pp.1541- 1546. Baird, G., Simonoff, E. and Charman, T. (2016) â€Å"Prevalence of disorders of the autism spectrum in a population cohort of children in South Thames: the Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP).† The lancet, 368(9531), pp.210-215. Burrell, L. and Borrego, J. (2012) â€Å"Parents Involvement in ASD Treatment: What Is Their Role?.† Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19(3), pp.423-432. Buitelaar, K. and Wong, C. (2014) â€Å"Psychopharmacological prescriptions for people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD): a multinational study.† Psychopharmacology, 231(6), pp.999-1009. Chandler, S. and Baird, G. (2015) â€Å"Psychiatric disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders: prevalence, comorbidity, and associated factors in a population-derived sample.† Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(8), pp.921-929. Fitzgerald, R. and Geschwind, D. (2013) â€Å"Autism recurrence in half siblings: strong support for genetic mechanisms of transmission in ASD.† Molecular psychiatry, 18(2), p.137- 140. Goin-Kochel, P. and Myers, B. (2015) â€Å"Congenital versus regressive onset of autism spectrum disorders: Parents beliefs about causes.† Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 20(3), pp.169-179. Gallese, V. and Goldman, A. (2012) â€Å"Mirror neurons and the simulation theory of mind-reading.† Trends in cognitive sciences, 2(12), pp.493-501. Hessl, D. and Schneider, A. (2013) â€Å"Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders 79(2), pp. 1320-1324. Magalhaes, T. and Almeida, J. (2010) â€Å"Functional impact of global rare copy number variation in autism spectrum disorder.† Nature, 466(7304), pp.368-401. Mercer, L., Creighton, S. and Lewis, S. (2016) â€Å"Parental perspectives on the causes of an autism spectrum disorder in their children.† Journal of Genetic Counseling, 15(1), pp.41-50. Rich, B. and Isager, T. (2012) â€Å"Mortality and causes of death in autism spectrum disorders: an update.† Autism, 12(4), pp.403-414. Sparks, B. and Dager, S. (2012) â€Å"Brain structural abnormalities in young children with autism spectrum disorder.† Neurology, 59(2), pp.184-192. Schechtman, M. (2014) â€Å"Scientifically unsupported therapies in the treatment of young children with autism disorders.† Psychiatric Annals, 37(9), pp. 79-92. Smith, S. and John, W. (2011) â€Å"Col4a1 mutation causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and genetically modifiable ocular dysgenesis.† Human molecular genetics, 16(7), pp.798- 807. Talalay, P. and Zimmerman, A. (2014) â€Å"Sulforaphane treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).† Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(43), pp.50-55. Umekage, T. (2011) â€Å"Association of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene polymorphisms with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the Japanese population.† Journal of human genetics, 55(3), pp. 23-32. Visootsak, J. and Picker, J. (2015) â€Å"Advances in the treatment of fragile X syndrome.† Pediatrics, 123(1), pp.378-390. Wehner, A. and Hagerman, R. (2011) â€Å"The behavioral phenotype in fragile X: symptoms of autism in very young children with fragile X syndrome, idiopathic autism, and other developmental disorders.† Journal of developmental behavioral pediatrics, 22(6), pp.409-417. To modify or extend this essay or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us Today Other Links:

How To Say ‘Want’ in Spanish

How To Say ‘Want’ in Spanish The English verb to want can be translated to Spanish in at least five ways, the most common of them being querer. Using Querer When querer is used to mean to want, is can be used almost exactly the same way as the English verb. You should be aware, however, that querer is also a common way of expressing romantic affection, and Te quiero is a common way of saying I love you. Some examples of querer for want:  ¿Quà © quieres hacer? (What do you want to do?)Solo quiero verte. (I only want to see you.)Siempre quise un viaje al Perà º. (I always wanted a trip to Peru.)Quiero tres tacos y un refresco, por favor. (I want three tacos and a soft drink, please.)No queremos dinero; shopping argentina queremos justicia. (We dont want money. We want justice.)Los manifestantes quieren que el gobierno reduzca los impuestos federales. (The demonstrators want the government to reduce federal taxes.)Hace una semana quisimos las frutas, pero ahora no las queremos. (A week ago we wanted the fruits, but now we dont want them.) Querer typically is followed by one of three grammatical constructions: An infinitive, often translated to English as an infinitive (the verb form beginning with to). Infinitives in the first two examples above are hacer and ver (in verte).One or more nouns. The nouns serving as objects of querer are viaje in the third sentence, tacos and refresco in the fourth, and dinero and justicia in the fifth. Alternatively, a pronoun can be placed before the verb, as in the second half of the final example.The relative pronoun que followed by a clause that uses a verb in the subjunctive mood. Reduzca is in the subjunctive mood in the fifth example. Using Desear for 'Want' Because querer is conjugated irregularly, beginning Spanish students instead often use desear, which is used in the same way as querer. However, desear is used less often and is more formal; in many situations it can sound overly flowery, which is one reason it seems common on Spanish-language greeting cards. Desear can have romantic or sexual overtones in some contexts (it comes from the same origin as the English verb desire), so you should exercise caution when using it to refer to people. Deseo aprender sobre este curso. (I want to learn about this course.)Desean el regreso de las libertades, la llegada de la democracia. (They want the return of liberty, the arrival of democracy.)Deseo que tengas un buen dà ­a. (I want you to have a great day.) Using Pedir for 'Want' When want refers to asking or requesting, it is often best translated using pedir:  ¿Cunto pide ella por su coche? (How much does she want for her car? Literally, how much is she asking for her car?)Pedimos un empleo de alta calidad. (We want a high-quality employee. Literally, we are asking for a high-quality employee.)Piden 900 pesos por dà ­a por una sombrilla en la playa. (They want 900 pesos per day for an umbrella on the beach. Literally, they are asking for 900 pesos per day for an umbrella on the beach.) Using Buscar for 'Want' If want could be replaced by look for or seek, you can use buscar. Te buscan en la oficina. (Youre wanted at the office. Literally, theyre looking for you at the office.)Muchos estadounidenses buscan casa en Mà ©xico. (Many Americans want a house in Mexico. Literally, many Americans are looking for a house in Mexico.)Todos ellos buscan trabajos que puedan proveerles la oportunidad de aprender. (They all want jobs that offer them the opportunity to learn. Literally, they all are looking for jobs that offer them the opportunity to learn.) Translating an Older Use of 'Want' Although not common in modern English, want is sometimes used to mean need. In such cases, a verb such as necesitar or a negated use of  faltar can be used in translation.  ¿Necesitas dinero? (Are you wanting for money?)El Seà ±or es mi pastor, nada me faltar. (The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want.) Key Takeaways The most common Spanish verb for to want are querer and desear, which typically are followed by an infinitive, a noun, or que and a verb in the subjunctive mood.When want refers to asking for or requesting something, pedir can be used.When want refers to seeking or looking for something, buscar can be used.

Levels in Undergraduate Family Nursing Education Personal Statement

Levels in Undergraduate Family Nursing Education - Personal Statement Example The district nurse, my mentor started talking to them, and what I observed was worth noting. The visible anxiety gradually calmed down. This was an effective communication, and this was essential in this scenario to pacify them. When I went back home that night and when things started settling down, I thought I would go over the whole incident and find out what was special about this incident, and how this incident can help me in any future incident in the professional practice (Ghaye and Lillyman, 2000, 53-87). This was a set of home health care, and from the incident, it was clear that the incident had considerable acuity. I was a student nurse, and therefore, it was a learning experience for me. The major goal of nursing care in this situation, given Mr. Xs advanced cancer, is palliation and restoration of maximum health function. I was entirely inexperienced, so I decided to observe what my mentor did in this situation (Ghaye, 2005, 7-37).  While reflecting, I gradually came to understand, well-developed communication skills are therefore essential tools for nurses. It was a face-to-face situation, and perhaps there is no substitute for it. I witnessed how effective and appropriate communication helped to establish a therapeutic helping relationship and enabled my mentor to determine their care needs and how it promoted trust and confidence and facilitated care appropriate for this situation. They were anxious and angry.  

The legality of downloading mp3 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The legality of downloading mp3 - Research Paper Example There are many contradictory opinions on this subject, and the fact that day by day the number of illegal mp3 downloads grows just makes the matter more and more actual and painful for the people whose work is being stolen. Transmitting mp3 files over the Internet has become by far the most popular method of distribution, generating in this way controversial and intense debates. This subject has been chosen for the research paper not only due to the indisputable popularity of the illegal actions, but also because of the fact that most of us have at least once downloaded the music we like by using these illegal sites, even if we are aware that it was wrong. Nevertheless, â€Å"the law enforcement community in the twenty-first century seems to have finally awakened to the fact that ...computers are here to stay†1 and something must be done in order to solve this problem as efficiently as possible. The term paper will be focused on revealing the essence of the growing popularity of illegal mp3 downloads, the legal matters that arise from these actions and come up with some recommendations on combating this phenomenon. The author will focus both on the national Canadian context, as well as on the international one, pointing out the main differences and similarities and analyzing them. The paper will be finished with the conclusions, where the personal opinion of the author is expressed, as well as some recommendations, which, in the author’s opinion, could improve the statistics. It is not possible to talk about illegal mp3 downloads in Canada, where downloading music from peer-to-peer networks is legal, uploading it being against the law. â€Å"Canada has a private copying levy, which grants the right to make personal, non-commercial copies of sound recordings. Canada has imposed levies (fees) on recording mediums like blank CDs and similar items. These levies are used to fund musicians and

Gabriel urbain faure And His requiem mass Essay Example for Free

Gabriel urbain faure And His requiem mass Essay â€Å"Gabriel Faure is regarded as the master of the French art song, or melodie. His works ranged from Classical, when in his early years he emulated the style of Haydn and Mendelssohn, to Romantic, and finally to an ascetic 20th century aesthetic† (â€Å"Gabriel Faure†). Gabriel Urbain Faure was born in 1845 in a town called Pamiers. It has been said that even at an early age, his potentials as a musician were already evident and noticeable. It was not given much attention by his parents, because at that time, they were in the belief that sending Faure to school to receive formal learning was of more importance. In fact, it was Faure’s teacher that noted his talents in music. Consequently, this teacher suggested to Faure’s parents that their child be sent to Paris to study in Niedermeyer, a religious music school. From the age of nine, Faure studied music at the Ecole Niedermeyer, the ‘Ecole de musique religieuse et classique’, where Saint-Saens was a member of staff. Saint-Saens had been lifelong friends with Faure and later said that he owed everything to him, introducing him not only to traditional music and composers such as Mozart and Bach but also to controversial composers such as Wagner whom he admired, but was one of few composers of his generation not to come under his influence and also Lizst. Saint-Saens encouraged and helped him to get his music published. From then on, he was able to meet and encounter different individuals who played major roles in the life of Faure. He served as an organist in one of the churches in Rennes. Then, in 1870, â€Å"the Franco-Prussian War broke out and Faure was enlisted into the First Regiment of the Imperial Light Infantry as a messenger† (Martin, â€Å"Gabriel Faure†). After the war, Faure was once again an organist, but in another church this time. When Saint-Saens retired in 1877 Faure took over his post as choirmaster. Faure would remain at the Madeleine for almost 20 years. He also taught composition at the Paris Conservatoire, becoming director in 1905, and his pupils included Maurice Ravel and Nadia Boulanger. Gabriel Faure’s Music A perusal of different accounts concerning the life and music of Gabriel Faure would show that he always strived to be different. For instance, in the field of music, regardless of how popular a type of music was, Faure will come in and try to change it, in order for the same to reflect his views and emotions; he wanted to be unique and different from the usual. The subtlety of Faure’s music, and his concentration on the small-scale, led many to criticise him for lacking depth, a judgement based on the mistaken premise that the bigger and bolder a composer’s music the more worthwhile it must be (Bawden J. â€Å"Gabriel Faure). As to what Faure found himself interested in in the field of music, it has been said that The majority of Faures piano music up to 1871 had mainly been romantic songs. Poems by Hugo, Gautier, and Baudelaire, had been recommended to him by his teachers. His early songs hint at his developing originality but were written in the strict classical style he had learned in school. It was characteristic of Faure, however, to constantly renew himself in his compositions. He always wanted to try something new, something different that no one else had done; and he never followed the fads of his day, prefering instead to follow his heart. Thus his songs show a continuous personal and unique evolution (Martin, â€Å"Gabriel Faure†). It is this courage of his to change things, however, that made him face certain setbacks in his career when he joined the Madeleine as its choirmaster. There are individuals in his field who were not in favor of the changes that Gabriel Faure was introducing into the system. As a choirmaster, Faure would always find himself in disagreement with members of the clergy. â€Å"The clergy were only concerned with keeping the congregation happy; and so their musical preferences were for popular, operatic-styled church music that was all the rage, rather than for enlightening religious music† (Martin, â€Å"Gabriel Faure†). Hence, it was quite difficult for Faure to introduce the changes that he wanted. As will be discussed further, Gabriel Faure’s most popular work which depicts his love for uniqueness is his Requiem Mass, which totally differs from the traditional Requiem. In fact, In Armand Vivets book on French sacred music he wrote of the first performance, Immediately the ceremony was over. The vicar called Faure into the sacristy and questioned him as follows: What was that mass for the dead youve just conducted? It was a requiem of my own composition. Monsieur Faure, we dont need all these novelties; the Madeleines repertoire is quite rich enough, just content yourself with that. Family and Marriage Gabriel Faure was once engaged to Marianne Viadot. In 1877, Faure asked for Marianne’s hand in marriage. It took quite a while, but eventually, the lady gave a positive response to the proposal posted by the bachelor. The problem was Marianne kept on postponing the date of their wedding, and â€Å"this continued delay was more than Faure could handle and he complained vehemently. Marianne used his outburst of frustration as an excuse to break off their engagement for good† (Martin, â€Å"Gabriel Faure†). True, the failed engagement to Marianne Viardot made Gabriel Faure sad and depressed, but later on, he would find himself recovering from this hurdle and agreeing to his friend, Marguerite Baugnies’ suggestion of being in an arranged marriage. Mme. Baugnies found three possible young ladies who belonged to the artistic world: the daughters of Octave Feuillet and George Feydeau who were both writers; and the daughter of Emmanuel Fremiet, a well-known sculptor of the day. Unable to make up his mind, Faure hastily wrote the names down on slips of paper, placed them in a hat, and randomly picked Marie Fremiet, daughter of the sculptor. After a brief engagement, the wedding took place on March 27th, 1883 in Paris. (Martin, â€Å"Gabriel Faure†). In 1883 Faure married Marie Fremiet, with whom he had two sons. In order to support his family Faure spent most of his time in organising daily services at the Eglise de la Madeleine and teaching piano and harmony lessons. He only had time to compose during the summers. He earned almost no money from his compositions because his publisher bought them, copyright and all, for 50 francs each. During this period Gabriel Faure wrote several large scale works, in addition to many piano pieces and songs, but he destroyed many of them after a few performances, only retaining a few movements in order to re-use motives(â€Å"Gabriel Faure†). It could be his unique way of choosing his bride that led to an unhappy marriage. Later on, he would find out that he didn’t really share much in common with his wife. They talked less and grew apart despite being gifted with two children. In an account by Martin, she said that the couple would write each other letters to communicate even both of them were in one and the same city. The Latter Part of Faure’s Life â€Å"The last two decades of Gabriel Faures life were marked by his steady rise to fame, his increasing health problems, and the new love in his life. After serving as choirmaster for nineteen years, he became organist at the Madeleine in 1896. In the same year he also became Professor of Composition at the Paris Conservatoire† (Martin, â€Å"Gabriel Faure†). After his stint as organist, he joined the Paris Conservatoire as its director. It could be said that his success would have continued further, if not for the health problems that Faure had been experiencing. In 1902, Faure was having problems with is hearing. Martin would say that this problem was hereditary as Faure’s brother also had the same problem. His hearing problem, however, was not an obstacle to his finding another chance to love again. The output of Faure had greatly reduced because of his responsibilities at the conservatoire combined with his loss of hearing . during the World War I, he remained in France and retired from the Conservatoire at the age of 75. in the same year he received the Grand-Croix of the Legion d’Honneur, an honor rare for a musician. â€Å"In 1900 at the premiere of Promethee, Faure met and fell in love with Marguerite Hasselmans. She was born in 1876 and even though Faure was the same age as her father, nevertheless, they stayed together until the end of his life in 1924† (Martin, â€Å"Gabriel Faure†). Gabriel Faure died in Paris from pneumonia in 1924. He was given a state funeral at the Eglise de la Madeleine and is buried in the Cimetiere de Passy in Paris (â€Å"Gabriel Faure†). Legacy as a Composer and Music Teacher Aside from his numerous musical masterpieces described as elegant, introspective and intimate, Faure made an enormous mark on his younger contemporaries as an influential teacher and mentor. One of his students, Nadia Boulanger, herself known arguably as the greatest classical music teacher of all-time, is an achievement enough. Among other distinguished composition students are Ravel, Koechlin and Enescu (â€Å"Gabriel Faure†). â€Å"Although he wrote several works involving a full orchestra, his particular talent lay within the more intimate musical forms – songs, piano music and chamber music. His somewhat austere style and highly individual, impressionistic harmonic language contrasts markedly with the music of the Austro-German tradition which dominated European music from the time of Beethoven until well into the twentieth century†(Bawden, â€Å"Requiem†). â€Å"Gabriel Faure served as inspiration for crafting flexibility into their works. As performers, teachers, talented administrators, and church musicians they understood the fine art of composing pearls with limited forces which could then be jeweled for the concert hall† (McCauley M. , â€Å"Requiem†). The Requiem Mass of Faure â€Å"The Requiem flourished during the Renaissance period, despite during the 14th century when the Roman church limited the amount of times the Requiem was performed and of what chants it consisted† (Green, â€Å"The Requiem Mass†). As earlier pointed out, Faure’s love for trying out new things is best mirrored in his Requiem Mass. His Requiem Mass is different from the traditional Requiem being played in the chapels and churches and that time. â€Å"By the time of the first performance, on January 16 1888, there were five movements: an Introit and Kyrie, the Sanctus, Pie Jesu, Agnus Dei, and In Paradisum. To perform the work, Faure called for a mixed choir with divided tenors and basses, a soprano soloist, an orchestra of low strings (violas, cellos, and double basses), harp, timpani, and organ, with a violin solo in the Sanctus. He added an Offertoire in 1889, and added a setting of the Libera Me that he had written for baritone and organ some twelve years earlier. He added horns, trumpets, and trombones to the orchestra, and a baritone soloist, and this version was first performed at the Madeleine in January of 1893† (â€Å"Chorale Music Notes†). Compared to the Missa pro defunctis, Faure changed portions of the text in his setting of the Requiem Mass. In the Libera me and Offertory for example, he left out certain words or repeated others so that the movement became more musically balanced and the words more clearly heard. The Libera me and In Paradisum actually dont belong to the Missa pro defunctis but to the Office for the Dead. Libera me is the prayer for absolution which follows the Requiem Mass; and the In Paradisum is spoken outside the church at the moment of burial. The use of this last text in particular shows how much Faure wanted to break from tradition (Martin, â€Å"Gabriel Faure†). The most important feature of the Requiem mass is the reflection of the emotions and views of Faure towards the idea of death. Faure was recorded to have said My Requiem has been said to express no fear of death; it has been called a lullaby of death. But that is how I feel about death; a happy deliverance, a reaching for a happy deliverance, rather than a mournful passing Perhaps I have sought to depart from what is conventional because for so long I was organist at services of interment. Im fed up with that. I wanted to do something different (â€Å"Requiem-Gabriel Faure†). This kind of view made his Requiem lack the vibe of sadness and terror. In fact, some writers would say that there is a certain tone of sweetness in Faure’s Requiem, something that one cannot normally expect from any form of music associated with death. As confirmed by Bawden, †the prevailing mood is one of peacefulness and serenity, and the work has often been described, quite justly, as a Requiem without the Last Judgement† (â€Å"Requiem†). Faure originally designed this work to be functional for church services with appropriately conservative accompaniment: the organ supplemented by harp, tympani and strings generally omitting violins except in the Sanctus. The technique of backing off the violins for a more somber effect may have been an idea borrowed from Brahms (McCauley, â€Å"Requiem†). Besides numerous motets and a mass written for liturgical use, theres no question that Gabriel Faures best known choral work is the Messe de Requiem. Written between 1887 and 1890, the Requiem was written not for the death of his father, but as another experiment in Faures endless quest to write music that was new and different (â€Å"Requiem†). Despite the discouraging start, Faures Requiem did become popular during his lifetime and was played throughout Europe. Today it is still very popular and has been recorded more than any of his other works. REFERENCE Martin, S. â€Å" Gabriel Faure- A Biography†. http://w3. rz-berlin. mpg. de/cmp/faure. html Green, A. â€Å"The Requiem Mass† http://classicalmusic. about. com/od/classicalmusic101/a/requiemmass. htm â€Å"Online Guide to Requiem† http://requiemonline. tripod. com/ â€Å"Faure, Gabriel- Biography†. http://www. naxos. com/composerinfo/Gabriel_Faure/26049. htm â€Å"Requiem†. http://www. classiccat. net/faure_g/biography. htm â€Å"Gabriel Faure†. http://www. basicfamouspeople. com/index. php? aid=4340 Asiado, T. (2008). â€Å"Gabriel Faure Brief Biography†. http://great-teachers. suite101. com/article. cfm/gabriel_faure_brief_biography â€Å"Masses of Requiem†. http://www. newadvent. org/cathen/12776d. htm â€Å"Requiem†. http://requiemonline. tripod. com/history/masshistory. htm â€Å"Chorale Music Notes†. http://members. macconnect. com/users/j/jimbob/classical/Faure_Requiem. html â€Å"Gabriel Faure- Requiem†. http://www. beijingifc. org/index. php? option=com_contenttask=viewid=28Itemid=36 â€Å"Requiem†. http://www. orbilat. com/Encyclopaedia/R/Requiem. html Bawden, J. (2006). â€Å"Gabriel Faure- Requiem†. http://www. choirs. org. uk/prognotes/faure%20requiem. htm McCauley, M. â€Å"Requiem†. http://www. halway. com/mchorale/faure/program. html

Rewriting The Yellow Wallpaper -- The Yellow Wallpaper Essays

Rewriting   "The Yellow Wallpaper"   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Charlotte Perkins Gilman rank as two of the most outstanding champions of women's rights who were active during the nineteenth century. Both professed a deep and personal faith and both were wise enough and secure enough to develop their own ideas and relationship with their creator. In 1895 Stanton published The Woman's Bible, her personal assault on organized religion's strangle-hold on the women of the world. Gilman published her short story "The Yellow Wallpaper" in 1892. She wrote the story, she said, "to save people from being driven crazy" (Golden 52). The heroine of "The Yellow Wallpaper" finds her only escape from the oppression of a condescending spouse is a headlong descent into madness. Stanton and Gilman met at least once, about 1896 according to Gilman's autobiography. "Of the many people I met during these years I was particularly impressed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. To have been with her . . . seemed to establish connection with a splendid period of real heroism" (Gilman 216). Perhaps if the philosophies of these two great women were to come together, at the perfect moment, they would possess the potential to save the heroine of "The Yellow Wallpaper." The following scenario might prove feasible. ---------- An Obstacle Charlotte Perkins Gilman l I was climbing up a mountain-path With many things to do, Important business of my own, And other people's too, When I ran against a Prejudice That quite cut off my view. ---------- The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman amended, with apologies, by Margaret A. Stanton ---------- The heroine of "The Yellow Wallpaper"... ... Elizabeth Cady Stanton/ Susan B. Anthony: Correspondence, Writings, Speeches. Schocken Books, NY: 1981. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison: 1990. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, "The Yellow Wallpaper" The Heath Anthology of American Literature, Second Edition. Gen. Ed. Paul Lauter. D. C. Heath and Co., Lexington, MA: 1994. Golden, Catherine, ed. The Captive Imagination: A Casebook on The Yellow Wallpaper . The Feminist Press at The City University of NY: 1992. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. The Woman's Bible. NY European Pub. Co.: 1895-98. Northeastern U. P., Boston: 1993. Note 1 The poem "An Obstacle" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is used as an epigraph by Catherine Golden, ed. The Captive Imagination: A Casebook on The Yellow Wallpaper (The Feminist Press: NY City UP, 1992) vii.   

Father Steals Best: Crime in an American Family Essay

This particular story is about a family of criminals in Oregon and received attention throughout the United States and has been cited by politicians, law enforcement agencies, and researchers in criminology, and psychology. Dale Vincent â€Å"Rooster† Bogle, taught his children to steal, so that by age 10 his sons were already breaking into liquor stores or stealing tractor-trailer trucks. His daughters turned to petty crimes in order to support their drug addictions. By the time of his death in 1998, 28 of the Bogle clan had been convicted of crimes, including several of Rooster’s grandchildren. Tracey Bogle, the youngest of Rooster’s sons, is quoted as saying, â€Å"Rooster raised us to be outlaws†¦There is a domino effect in a family like ours†¦What you’re raised with, you grow to become. You don’t escape.† The Justice Department’s statistics show that approximately 47 percent of inmates in the state prisons have parents o r other close relatives who have also been incarcerated. The Justice Department believes that ignoring this family cycle of criminality may be very difficult, and end up costing tax payers an expediential amount of money. It is astonishing that given all the research that is done about other issues on criminals, there is either no research or very little research regarding this subject of family criminal activity. This I’m sure is due to the limited availability of records that contain the criminal records of multiple generations of families. It is possible that with the proper research and funding, that reducing crime today may also reduce crime in the future. Moreover, research may underestimate the effects of policies that treat or deter criminal behavior by not taking into account the effect on future generations. Although there are studies that provide some evidence of intergenerational criminal correlations, there is no real focus on identifying why this relationship exists. Criminal behavior has always been a focus for psychologists due to the age old debate between nature and nurture. Is it the responsibility of an individual’s genetic makeup that makes them a criminal or is it the environment in which they are raised that determines their outcome? There has been limited research regarding this debate which has resulted in a conclusion that both genes and environment do play a role in the criminality of an individual.

How Do I See Myself 10 Years from Now Essay

The way I see myself ten years ahead of now is not something I often think about. To tell you the truth, it scares me a little to know that in one short decade I will be twenty eight years old, and that my years of youth are coming to an end. One thing I’m certain of, is that if God gives me the opportunity to get to that age, I will make the most of my years and put all of my effort to become a successful, happy woman. A vision I’ve always had of myself years ahead of now is a wealthy business woman that owns an art academy, and is a world-wide well known artist. I will have graduated from a bachelor in fine arts from college, as well as a master in painting and business administration. My institution will give art education to people of all ages, guiding them to a successful career in the arts, as the one I will be having. My academy will give scholarships to gifted young people who have outstanding artistic abilities, passion for the art, and determination. I will get financial support from many companies interested in my work, and maybe even get the chance to expand my business internationally. see more:where do i see myself in 5 years essay People around the whole world will be very interested in my works of art, which will include paintings and photographs. Many awards will have been given to me not only for my art, but also because of my work for the community, and my occupational achievements. I see myself becoming very famous internationally and an esteemed artist in the eyes of many persons. In some years, I will be taking care of my dad’s horses, and with them, not only develop a recognized and well-bred herd of Lousitano equines, but also have horseback riding as a hobby I will often be able to do. Although I will have a busy life, I will also have plenty of time to paint and ride horses, as well as a relationship with a good, funny, handsome, well-mannered man who will make me very happy; I might even adopt a couple of children and raise them to be good, successful and loving people. Much of the money I earn will help young people with economical limitations to receive a good education, so they can make Guatemala a better place, as I will be by creating work opportunities and helping the people in need. I’m sure that with perseverance and the help of the people I love, as well as God’s, I will have the chance to travel around the world and meet many beautiful places. By the time I turn 28, I will have visited dozens of countries around the world, and known places of incredible beauty. Another one of my wishes is to be able to build a very beautiful house with a painting studio, a big garden, a couple of dogs, a few nice cars, and maybe even a swimming pool and a hot tub. Other dreams I have include a house in lake Atitlan, as well as an apartment in Miami, a room share in Steamboat Colorado, and a beautiful house in Puerto San Josà ©, Guatemala. I’m not very certain I will be living in my native country ten years ahead of now, but I am certain that I will visit it often to see my family and friends as frequently as my job allows me to. Ten years from now, I see myself as a strong, independent, healthy, and most important of all, happy woman, and I am aware that the only person that can get me there is myself by putting all the passion, effort and determination I have in everything I do. In the movie Shrek II, I once heard a very life-changing quote that the character Arthur said after defeating his enemy. â€Å"The only person that can keep you from becoming who you want to be is yourself.† The biggest obstacle I have to fight against is, as the quote mentions, me, and I know that I will be strong enough to defeat my fears and weaknesses. As many achievements I accomplish, houses I buy, trips I make, and people I meet, I truly believe that life is measured by the moments that take your breath away, therefore, my purpose in the journey god gave me the chance to live through, will not only be materialistic. The reason for my existence will be happiness, and I believe that with an open heart and a strong mind, nothing will be keeping it from becoming part of me.

Free Essays on Hinduism & Budhism Summaries

There are 750 million+ Hindus in the world, most concentrated in India (pearls.org). Before elaborating on what beliefs and practices Hinduism has, perhaps it is helpful to first consider the â€Å"familiar to a Westerner† features that it doesn’t have. There is no â€Å"founder† of Hinduism and no specific time it â€Å"began† (i.e. Jesus or Buddha’s birth). There is not a set of scriptures that has authority over all other texts of its religion (i.e. Bible, Koran, Torah). The lack of a central, relatively unchanged uniquely authoritative text has let Hinduism become a true â€Å"living† religion. Into one that is continually developing through the addition of contemporary wisdom. There is not a central figure or institution interpreting a doctrine based on holy text (i.e. Catholic church and the Pope). Additionally, no individual is or has been central to their belief or practices (i.e. Jesus or Mohammed) (pearls.org). The concept of livin g a â€Å"good life† is not based on instructions from God (i.e. Bible and Koran) (pearls.org). There is not a â€Å"correct† form of belief or worship (pearls.org). And lastly, Hinduism does not insist it is the only â€Å"truth†. As such, most Hindus are not out trying to â€Å"round up† others to their path at the bottom of the mountain - they are busy climbing (Smith, p. 73). What Hinduism does have is an amazing array of beliefs and practices creating a unique tradition spanning over a long and rich history chocked full of mythology. The Hindu tradition has been evolving over 3,000 years and accepts â€Å"†¦significant contributions entering the tradition continually.† (Earhart, p. 723). Hinduism â€Å"remembers the cumulative experience of ages† rather than specific events or people throughout the centuries (Earhart, p. 727). That is not to say no events and people (Gods, Goddesses, rishis (the ancient sages), and ghosts) are important in Hinduism. The texts in Hinduism are regarded as â€Å"i... Free Essays on Hinduism & Budhism Summaries Free Essays on Hinduism & Budhism Summaries There are 750 million+ Hindus in the world, most concentrated in India (pearls.org). Before elaborating on what beliefs and practices Hinduism has, perhaps it is helpful to first consider the â€Å"familiar to a Westerner† features that it doesn’t have. There is no â€Å"founder† of Hinduism and no specific time it â€Å"began† (i.e. Jesus or Buddha’s birth). There is not a set of scriptures that has authority over all other texts of its religion (i.e. Bible, Koran, Torah). The lack of a central, relatively unchanged uniquely authoritative text has let Hinduism become a true â€Å"living† religion. Into one that is continually developing through the addition of contemporary wisdom. There is not a central figure or institution interpreting a doctrine based on holy text (i.e. Catholic church and the Pope). Additionally, no individual is or has been central to their belief or practices (i.e. Jesus or Mohammed) (pearls.org). The concept of livin g a â€Å"good life† is not based on instructions from God (i.e. Bible and Koran) (pearls.org). There is not a â€Å"correct† form of belief or worship (pearls.org). And lastly, Hinduism does not insist it is the only â€Å"truth†. As such, most Hindus are not out trying to â€Å"round up† others to their path at the bottom of the mountain - they are busy climbing (Smith, p. 73). What Hinduism does have is an amazing array of beliefs and practices creating a unique tradition spanning over a long and rich history chocked full of mythology. The Hindu tradition has been evolving over 3,000 years and accepts â€Å"†¦significant contributions entering the tradition continually.† (Earhart, p. 723). Hinduism â€Å"remembers the cumulative experience of ages† rather than specific events or people throughout the centuries (Earhart, p. 727). That is not to say no events and people (Gods, Goddesses, rishis (the ancient sages), and ghosts) are important in Hinduism. The texts in Hinduism are regarded as â€Å"i...

Study Skills for Intermediate Level Language Learners

Study Skills for Intermediate Level Language Learners Learning any language takes practice - lots of practice! Often, its difficult to know what you should practice. Should you watch a video? Perhaps, it would be a good idea to do a few quizzes. Of course, you should try to speak English with your friends. All of these are great ideas, but its also important to build a routine. A routine will help you make studying English a habit. Thats the best way to improve your English! Make Learning a Habit Its important to be exposed to many different areas every day. However, you shouldnt try to study too many different subjects. These suggestions take a short listening and reading as the basis for daily practice. You are trying to learn many new things, so dont try to learn too much in any one area too quickly! Practice Routine Listen - 15 minutes: You can enhance your listening skills through specific strategies.Read - 15 minutes: Choose a subject you like to read about and read for fun.Improve your vocabulary - 10 minutes: Take five minutes to write down all the new words you find in your listening and reading exercises. Keep a notebook, and write in the translation in your native language.Grammar - 10 minutes: Think about what you are studying in English class (if you are taking it). Or, if you are studying by yourself, take out your grammar book and find one grammar point to review. Take a quick look at the grammar and then think about the listening and your reading. Did you hear or read these forms? How were they used?Speaking - 5 minutes: It is very important to move your mouth and speak! Even if you only speak to yourself. Take five minutes and speak out loud (not silently). Try to quickly summarize what you listened to and what you read. Can you do it? Of course, its better if you can do this with a friend. Find a friend and study together a few times a week. You can practice together. Thats it! Approximately 45 minutes a day, every day - or at least four times a week! If you continue to do this, you will be surprised at how quickly your English improves!

Enhancing Presentations Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Enhancing Presentations - Coursework Example These become easy given the fact that it only involves sorting of already prepared items. This cannot be hard at all as you only need to put the already prepared items in order so as to ensure your presentation goes on smoothly and that it doesn’t fail. On the other hand, the creating effective slides seem to be the hardest step to adhere to in the enhancing presentations with visuals process. This becomes the hardest step since it requires acquaintance or familiarity with certain skills necessary for making of the slides (Charlene, 2013). For instance, it requires critical visual skills in order to choose a favorable color that can be used in order to emphasize important slides. As it is necessary to use color consistently, it is also important that the choice of colors be made wisely and compatibility should be taken into consideration. Again, choosing of the background and foreground colors requires special skills that might not be easy to just have. Such skills therefore make this stage B to be the hardest to adhere to. In real life example, we can compare presentation with doing a painting. Collecting materials for the painting and any other backup program for that may not be such a hard task. However, if the materials are not well articulated where colors are not well matched, the painting may not come out well. Therefore, it is easy to complete slides and support materials, but it seems hard to make the slides

The Nursing Shortage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Nursing Shortage - Essay Example The nursing shortage problem is made worse through poor retention strategies of healthcare institutions. Taken as a whole, nursing professionals expressed better job and career satisfaction than professionals from several of the other fields. Finally, the average age of RN’s is on the rise. Moving on to the action required for easing the pressure on RN’s and preventing the shortage of RN’s in the long run, the authors recommend finding the means to eliminate the poor workplace environment for nurses; take measures to improve the contributions made by nursing to patient safety and quality of care of patients; maintain a long term perspective in all these aspects; take steps to enhance the capacity of nursing education programs; and accept that the nursing work force can change for the better. In conclusion the authors suggest that complacency on the issue of nursing shortage should be avoided, and that nursing professionals can be assured of the recognition of soc iety for their contributions, which would lead to society taking measures for improvement in work related issues of RN’s. ... act on nursing, the changes required, and the transformational leadership that is required for leading the requisite changes in the profession of nursing. Nursing is an embattled profession in the U.S.A. fighting the battle of nursing shortage. Yet, the policy solutions that have been set forth do not provide any positive feeling. In the opinion of the author this may be due to the negative nursing affectivity with which the problems faced by nursing is perceived. What is required is to perceive the requirement for nursing professional as a consequence of the generational changes that are occurring in American society. and the opportunity that it presents for nursing. An opportunity has been presented to nursing, but by living in the past of complaining about the shortage of nurses, and crying for more nurses, nursing is missing the boat. Nursing leadership needs to recognize that there have been changes in the health delivery systems that have enhanced the complexity in the health d elivery system. Consequently nursing has to change accordingly by arming itself with better expertise and competencies. This is the transformation thinking that is required in nursing leadership. The challenge can be met only by thinking out of the box, so that the profession is transformed into one capable of meeting the diverse and complex needs of society. These diverse and complex needs include on one side profit of shareholders and return on investment on one side and cost considerations for the healthcare service users on the other hand. In conclusion the author opines that inculcating humanistic values with a focus on patient well-being is the need in the modern healthcare system. Nursing in collaboration with the medical profession is in a position to balance cost effectiveness with

HMVs E-business Performance Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

HMVs E-business Performance - Case Study Example During the early years, HMV was a brand name known to every music lover and became synonymous to music retailing. This helped HMV to expend its base out of London to all most every corner of Britain. The first major period growth came in the sixties, when fifteen new stores were opened in grater London and south east and then again in the following years it becomes customary affair for HMV. Store sizes of HMV have been increasing to accommodate the vast range of music videos, computer games etc. In October, 1998, this process culminated in the opening of HMV in new 50,000 sq feet flagship store at 150 Oxford Street, listed by the Guinness book of records at the time as the world's largest record store. In later years, HMV continued to launch its flagship standard superstores all over UK. The UK based chain was also able to successfully export the branch to the rest of the world and retail chains were established in North America &South East - Asia. HMV continued to lead the way in mu sic retailing into the millennium and launch HMV - direct in 1992, its mail order operation and in 1997, its own website WWW.hmv.co.uk shows its commitment towards adopting new technologies and to cater the opportunities which lie ahead. Now HMV has developed into one of the world's leading ret... HMV is dedicated to provide its customers the widest range possible of music, films and games across all formats. Recently, the music industry specially has seen the revolution in the form of digital music which has the capacity to be offered at any time, anywhere in the world through number of channels. This has increased capability to reach out vast number of audiences. "Electronic commerce is often thought simply to refer to buying and selling using the Internet; people immediately think of consumer retail purchases from companies. But e-commerce involved much more than electronically mediated financial transactions between organization and customers. Many commentators refer to e-commerce as all electronically mediated transaction between an organization and any third party it deals with. By this definition, non-financial transaction such as customers' requests for further information would also be considered to be part of e-commerce (Chaffey, 2004). The HMV group operates form approximately 680 shops in 7 countries and total retail floor space of 3.6 million square feet. For the full year ended April 2007, HMV group had a turnover of 1,894.5 million pound and operating profit of 57.3 million pound. HMV UK & Ireland sold 78 million CD & DVD units and water stone's 58 million books in the financial year ended April 2007. The acquisition of Ottakar's for 62.9 million pound brought together two businesses similar to each other i.e. book selling and music, video & games selling. Waterstone and Ottakar are both specialists offering a wide range of titles. This step has been taken by the company to accommodate customers' requirements. Book selling in UK has been impacted by intensifying competition form

Leadership In The Tata Group

Leadership In The Tata Group Introduction: Leadership is integrated part of our life. According to corporate chief and former US presidential candidate Ross Perot, the principles of leadership are timeless because, in a rapidly changing world, human nature remains a constant. We all experience leadership in our life from early childhood in our families, through friendships, social and sports activities, school higher education, to politics government and of course in our work, we all recognize leadership in other people and often in ourselves. In government, global corporations and small businesses alike, the leadership role is becoming more demanding, more open to scrutiny and more difficult [Roger Gill]. The development of leadership theory also parallels the development of organizational theory. The bureaucratic form of business organization is characterized by laissez-faire leadership whereby so-called leaders tend to avoid taking a stand, ignore problems, not follow up, and refrain from intervening or transactional leadership, in which leaders practise management by exception, focusing only on deviations from what is required, and contingent reward, rewarding people (either materially or psychologically) for achieving what is required. The emergence of the post-bureaucratic form of organization in the late nineteenth century reflects the development of the concept of transformational leadership. Theory Approaches to Leadership: Many Leadership theories and approaches have been evolved around Style, Trait, Behaviour, Situational and Charisma. Many researchers made efforts linking some of the theories across these leadership approaches. However each leadership model has its merit, assumptions and limitations. Most recent researches are conducted on Situational Transformational leadership styles. Various leadership Gurus presented new models as variations to the already existing models. Max Weber, MacGregor, Bass, Bennis Nanus are some of the most important researchers in the area of transformational leadership. However the difference between transactional and transformational leadership is vital in getting the whole concept of transformational leadership theory. In general, a relationship between two people is based on the level of exchange they have. Exchange need not be money or material; it can be anything. The more exchange they have the stronger the relation. Managers expects more productivity from employee in order to give good rewards. In this way, if something is done to anyone based on the return then that relation is called as Transactional type. In business, leaders announce rewards in turn to the productivity. These relations are all about requirements, conditions and rewards. In life, at one point of time, things happen without expectation from other side. Transformational Leaders work toward a common goal with followers; put followers in front and develop them; take followers to next level; inspire followers to transcend their own self-interests in achieving superior results [wordpress.com]. Table 1, given below shows Basss full range model of leadership. Table 1 Leadership Approach in TATA Group: TATA Group founded in 1868, is an Indian multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mumbai, India. The Group has more than 500,000 employees spread over six continents (more than 80 countries). TATA Group current market capitalization estimated worth $80bn and is the largest private corporate group in India. TATA Group is biggest employer in UK, employing more than 50,000 people. TATA Group has main interests in communications, IT, engineering, materials, services, energy, consumer products and chemicals. Its current chairman, Ratan Tata is the most influential business leaders in Indias and the worlds most influential person right now. The Tata Group is known for its valued business ethics and corporate governance. TATA Group has long standing leadership program in its system. Their leadership program is based in British administrative service model. TATAs leadership development programme aims at grooming the managers of today into the leaders of tomorrow. The leadership development programme conceived by JRD Tata, the late chairman of TATA group in 1950s. The idea behind the leadership programme known as Tata Administrative Services (TAS) was to select and groom young managers, provide them opportunity for professional growth, and make them leaders of tomorrow. This is TATAs in-house programme and has goal is to provide training to high performers, act as a cradle of change and develop the leadership qualities. Most of the TATA Group companies are traditionally led by these groomed leaders. The TATA Group leadership style has been quite consistent since its existence way back to 1868. The TATA Group has incorporated more leadership changes which are essential in current environment to drive towards to be more competitive. In terms of leadership style, TATA Group has adopted a team-led culture and collective approach. With Ratan Tata as leader of the Group, the management style of the entire TATA Group has changed considerably; trust became a huge facet and theme of the group. Ratan Tata has put a complete organisational restructuring when he took over in 1991 as leader of the TATA Group, by taking a more matrix-style approach building teams. These changes would have obviously transformed a lot in the business, senior managers would have had to be on their toes and flexibility and adaptability became essential qualities to have. The leadership changed from a centralised, command centre to a much more distributed form with employees and all managers enjoying greater respo nsibility and knowledge about the Group, which would have in turn; motivated them to work harder and as a group. From distinctive leadership models available such as the McGregor Theory X and Y; where a theory X manager believes workers dislike work, are not creative and avoid all responsibility while a theory Y manager believes that workers get as much enjoyment from work as they can derive with leisure, accept responsibility and are creative; it can be seen from this, that Ratan Tata wanted all his managers to be modelled as closely to Theory Y and he himself could be called a Theory Y manager. He encouraged managers to be innovative and share all their ideas, consulting actively with them and giving them more responsibility and importantly encouraged team-working. Five Factor Model (Big Five): Emotional Stability: Ratan Tata has very low anxiety within him and has great sense of security with his future leadership. Extraversion: Even being a bachelor Ratan Tata is very sociable. He has produced very positive affect on future leadership of TATA Group. Openness: He believes in originality and versatility. By making  £1200/- car he has shown his great interest with and innovation seeking personality. Agreeableness: Within his management team Ratan Tata is well trusted and very friendly. Conscientiousness: He is very dutifulness. He spent most of his life working for TATA Group without any self-interest. He is very well organised as well. Style (Behaviour) Theory in TATA Group: As per style theory, there are three types of leadership models are evident in leadership. These are as follows. Autocratic Democratic Laissez-faire Ratan Tata is a leader who engages more democratic style of leadership approach. However at previous occasion has used other two kind of style as well. He is more democratic because he always encourages his group leadership to be creating good communication and participation. Future leadership are well informed about future strategy and they are very well engaged in decision making process. Most of the group long-term and short-term strategies are formulated by the lower rank of the leadership. They are treated as stake holders. Until now TATA Group has got leadership within them. Ratan Tata has occasionally shown some form of autocratic style of leadership. Sometimes when needed especially when quick and informed decisions have to be taken, but he is never too commanding in his nature, being a man of few words and being more of a man of action, this is evident from the manner he aggressively pushes for bold international deals, such as during the global acquisitions of business powe rhouses such as Corus, Jaguar and Land Rover, and Tetley Tea. One of his senior leadership team member, Muthuraman( Executive Director) refers him Ratan was the chief architect of the Corus deal. I was worried about the magnitude and the amount of money. But he instilled confidence. In daily routine matters and in developing the leadership, Ratan Tata also uses facets of the Laissez-Faire model such as the delegation of important duties and decision-making, he also does not in any way interfere with any managers functioning, he might make a broad strategic assessment but he does not interfere in operational issues and details, this shows that he has complete trust and faith in his managers and believes in their ability, this quote from Gopalakrishnan, an executive director of the company, shows how much value Ratan Tata places on his trust, this can be highly motivating for managers and workers alike, I remember what Ratan told us at a meeting. He said that he will continue to trust all his managers, but once they lose that trust, he will go after them. I think that is a very fair deal. Max Webers Leadership Model in TATA Group: Looking at Max Webers Transactional and Transformational Leadership models, where a leader is classed in three forms which are Bureaucratic, Charismatic and Traditional, where a bureaucratic leader is one who is always bound by the set rule and does not want to go beyond them; a Traditional leader is one who does and follows everything from a long past or history and always loyally obeys these traditions; a Charismatic leader is one who uses his own laurels or abilities to inspire and is one who can be described as radically opposed to administrative rules and legal principles. From these models, Ratan Tata falls into the Charismatic form because he is one who leads by example, coming up with highly innovative ideas such as  £1200 (Rs. One Lakh) car the Nano, budget hotels or low-end watches, he brought radical change to the Tata Group as a whole, changing it from its Traditional mindset to new more flexible and adaptive cultural mindset. Bennis Nanus Transformational Leadership Model in TATA Group: We can see from Bennis and Nanuss Transformational Leadership model that the transformational leaders groom their followers into self-empowered leaders and their main focus is to articulate vision and values clearly so the newly self-empowered leaders know where to go. Their traits include logical thinking, persistence, empowerment and self-control. Benniss and Nanus has evolved the model which emphasis on the four Is of Transformational leadership, which are Idealised Influence (being a role model) Inspirational Motivation (creating a team spirit, motivating and provide a challenge) Intellectual Stimulation (innovation and creativity) Individual Consideration (mentoring and providing support for followers) Ratan Tata, Chairman of the TATA Group has been proved a true transformational leader. We can see all Is built-in in Ratan Tata. He is the leader with great vision hence he knows right approach to groom future leadership. He has implemented the team spirit in whole group at every level. He empowers all his managers and executives and has complete faith in them, he is extremely innovative and is credited for much of the Groups new products, he places a great deal of importance to his RD department and he definitely cares deeply about the welfare of all his employees and managers. During the Mumbais terrorist attack in Taj Hotel, he took front line in leading at the time of crises. In his vision statement he articulated One hundred years from now, I expect TATA Group to be much bigger, of course, than it is now. More importantly, I hope the Group comes to be regarded as being the best in India. Best in the Manner in which we operate, best in the products we deliver and best in our valu e system and ethics. Having said that, I hope that a hundred years from now we will spread our wings far beyond India, that we become a global group, operating in many countries, as Indian business conglomerate that is at home in the world, carrying the same set of trust as we do today [Tata Group Article]. As a leader of a global business group, Ratan Tata knows the fierce competition experienced by his business empire. He makes all effort to make his business competitive at global level. Through transformational leadership process TATA Group has made their processes and technology up to date. Once Ratan Tata said to his managers in his vision speech A company or business which remains static is a business that will die; a company that constantly changes and accepts that there are better ways to do things than the way they are done today, is a company that will survive in the global market that we face. From this statement we can infer that he knows the importance of developing a good leadership within group to take TATA Group to new heights. Ratan Tata involves strategy in leadership. He is a deep thinker and a brilliant strategist as is described by one of his Executive Directors, Alan Rosling, He is a deep thinker and extremely strategic. He is always 2-3 steps ahead. Ratan Tata is a man of strong integrity, ethics and valued principles. He cultivated the same across the TATA Group companies. One of his companies CEO said Tata has shown that there is no other way he will do business other than do it ethically. He believes in strong value based leadership approach in doing business. Ratan Tata has led the TATA Group to transforming from local business group to become a global leader. Conclusions: Ratan Tata of the Tata Group is a more kind of transformational leader. He made Tata Group as global brand. He has provided inspiration to leaders within his own company. In Tata Group leaders are engaged in decision making at every level. Ratan Tata has successfully led and motivated its CEO/MD of the group companies to be ambitious. He has always adopted a ethical approach in group business. Ratan Tata has adopted a management by consensus style. He stated once When a number of persons are involved I am definitely a consensus man, but that does not mean that I do not disagree or that I do not express my views. Basically it is a question of having to deal with individual men heading different enterprises. You have to adapt yourself to their ways and deal accordingly and draw out the best in each man. If I have any merit it is getting on with individuals according to their ways and characteristics. I have dealt with a hundred top directors and I have got on with all of them. At times it involves suppressing yourself. It is painful but necessary. To be a leader you have got to lead human beings with affection. Ratan Tata has ability to spot the talent. And once he has confident that a manager will perform, he gave him a long rope. Appendix: Reference List Roger Gill, Theory and Practice of Leadership, Sage Publication, 2006 http://leadershipchamps.wordpress.com/2008/08/04/transactional-leadership-vs-transformational-leadership/ http://business.outlookindia.com/inner.aspx?articleid=682editionid=22catgid=70subcatgid=464 http://www.tata.com/company/Articles/inside.aspx?artid=YJbf7uiUY0M= John P. Kotter, A Force For Change: How Leadership Differs From Management (New York: The Free Press, 1990). OTool, James. Leadership from A to Z: A Guide for the Appropriately Ambitious, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1999. Visionary Leadership: Creating a Compelling Sense of Direction for Your Organization (Jossey Bass Business and Management Series): Burt Nanus Tata Steel Group Annual Reports (2005-06, 2006-07, 2007-08, 2008-09, 2009-10)